Author: Paul Arnold

The ancient Greeks pioneered free speech as a democratic principle. The ancient Greek word “parrhesia” means “free speech,” or “to speak candidly.” The term first appeared in Greek literature around the end of the fifth century B.C. Who came up with freedom of speech in America? Commenting a year later […]

11 Study Guide Question Answer John Tyler became president because President Harrison had died. Who was not a favorite son candidate in the 1824 election? William H. Crawford Which president was raised in poverty by his mother? Andrew Jackson Who won the 1824 presidential election? John Quincy Adams Which US […]

America’s Founders believed deeply that education was integral to the survival and success of the republican experiment they created, which has resulted in unprecedented and unduplicated progress and prosperity, and the longest-lasting Constitution of government in the history of the world. Why was education so important in the early republic? […]

A new chapter in American history opened as the Thirteenth Amendment, passed in January of 1865, was implemented. It abolished slavery in the United States, and now, with the end of the war, four million African Americans were free. What event actually freed all of the slaves? President Abraham Lincoln […]

To escape slavery, light-skinned Ellen Craft disguised herself as a male enslaver. Her husband, William, who was darker skinned, posed as her valet. They successfully traveled to the North, and eventually to England, where they published a narrative recounting their lives in slavery and their daring escape. When did William […]

He personally provided room and board for many Africans who escaped slavery and stopped in Philadelphia on their way to Canada. Through his work with the Pennsylvania Society for the Abolition of Slavery’s Vigilance Committee, he raised funds to assist runaways and arrange their passage to the North. How did […]

As of 2018, the countries with the most slaves were: India (8 million), China (3.86 million), Pakistan (3.19 million), North Korea (2.64 million), Nigeria (1.39 million), Indonesia (1.22 million), Democratic Republic of the Congo (1 million), Russia (794,000) and the Philippines (784,000). Which countries still have slavery 2020? Top 10 […]

Mr Lincoln hated Thomas Jefferson as a man—rather as a politician, and yet the highest compliment I ever heard or read of his was paid to the memory of Jefferson. A recent New York Times op-ed explored the sources of Lincoln’s feelings and came to the conclusion: “Lincoln was Jefferson’s […]

Origin and meaning of the name Publius is thought to derive from the same root as populus and publicus, meaning “the people” or “of the people”. What did Publius stand for? Duer later wrote in support of the three Federalist authors under the name “Philo-Publius”, meaning either “Friend of the […]